LABCRUX GUIDE

Percent error vs percent difference

Percent error uses a reference denominator; percent difference symmetrically compares two peer values, so they answer different questions.

Percent error needs a reference

Use absolute observed minus reference divided by the absolute reference. A zero reference makes the percentage undefined.

Percent difference treats values as peers

A common form divides the absolute difference by the mean magnitude of the two measurements. No value is declared authoritative.

State the denominator

Do not write only “10% difference.” Name the formula and reference so a reader can reproduce the comparison.

Do not use either as proof

A small percentage does not prove accuracy or validity; the quality and uncertainty of the reference still matter.

Sources and boundaries

  1. [1]

    NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods

  2. [2]

    JCGM measurement uncertainty publications

Solice develops LabCrux. The independent sources above do not sponsor or endorse the product. This page explains a review method; your experimental evidence, course instructions, and instructor remain authoritative.